When to quote and when to paraphrase

When using external information for your assignments, it is generally better to paraphrase or summarize material rather than quoting it word-for-word. Using your own words allows you to:
 

But even when summarizing you must acknowledge the author, and give enough information your reader to reach your source of information through:

- An in-text citation next to each paraphrased idea or borrowed image, and
- A reference in the bibliography by the end of the text. 

 
In-text citations
 
In-text citations should include the author's  last name and the publication year enclosed in parenthesis.

Examples:

Tables and figures
 
Include a figure number and a title on top and if needed a legend and caption below the image or table.

Example:
 Figure 4. Yemen crisis.

Note:Baby with a heart disorder gasps for air in an intensive-aid unit at a yemeni hospital. By Tugnoli (2019)

 
Bibliography

 

At the end of your assessment task, provide a list of references in alphabetical order. Here are some samples on how to write references based on their sources:

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.
 
Example:
Stevenson, R. L. (1975). Treasure Island. Atheneum.

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical. volume number (issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Example:
Duby, G. (1993). L'invention de l`histoire au mon médiéval. Cahiers d'Etudes Medièvales, 126, 910-924.

Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal. https://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Example:
Plagiarism. (2015, February 28). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved February 28, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism

 
 

Images

Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of image [Image]. https://www.someaddress.com/full/url

Example:
Tugnoli, L. (2019). Yemen crisis [Image]. https://i.blogs.es/fee2b8/yemen-lorenzo-tugnoli-02/1366_2000.jpg

Missing information
 

 Sometimes, certain data may be missing, making it challenging to create a complete reference.

- If the author is missing, start the reference by the title

Title. (Date of publication). https://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
 
- If the date is missing, write "n.d." for "no date".

Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
 
- If the title is missing, describe the document inside square brackets, and provide the source

Here's a sample of all of them combined:

 [Picture of a smart guy][Image]. (n.d.) . http://www.biblio.sek.es/catalunya/opac/
 

- Enclosed by quotation marks if they are shorter than 40 words or, 

- Placed in a free-standing "block quotation" on a new line, indented five spaces, when longer than forty words.